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Developing a TRL-oriented roadmap for the adoption of biocomposite materials in the construction industry

Tudor-Cristian PETRESCU, Johannes T. VOORDIJK, Petru MIHAI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 223-236 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0154-4

摘要： The construction industry is a major contributor to environmental pollution. The effect of the construction industry on the environment may be mitigated using eco-friendly construction materials, such as biocomposites. Once developed, biocomposites may offer a viable alternative to the current materials in use. However, biocomposites are lagging in terms of adoption and eventual use in the construction industry. This article provides insights into the steps for biocomposites to become a product that is ready to use by the construction industry in a structural role. The development and the adoption of such a material is tackled with the use of two concepts, i.e., technology readiness level and roadmapping, and explored in a case study on the “liquid wood”. Furthermore, interviews in the construction industry are carried out to identify the industry’s take on biocomposites. A customized roadmap, which underlines a mostly nontechnical perspective concerning this material, has emerged. Additionally, the adoption and diffusion issues that the “liquid wood” may encounter are outlined and complemented with further recommendations.

关键词： biocomposite technology readiness level roadmap interview “liquid wood”

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一种新的流程工业企业智能制造准备度评估模型：流程工业智能制造准备度指数（PIMRI） Research Article

赵路军1,2,邵嘉铭2,3,祁雨奇2,褚健2,冯毅萍1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第3期页码 417-432 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200080

摘要：近年来，工业4.0的蓬勃发展在世界范围内已经成为了一个新的趋势，它给全球范围内的工业企业既带来了新的机遇也带来了新的挑战。因此，很多制造业企业开始尝试应用新兴的使能技术来推动自身的智能制造转型升级。本研究提出一种用于评估流程工业企业智能制造准备度情况的模型，目的是为了帮助企业明确自身智能制造发展水平，识别短板问题。尽管已经有学者提出了相关工业4.0准备度和成熟度评估的模型，但是目前还缺少流程工业企业的针对性评估模型。本文提出的流程工业智能制造准备度模型用6个层次来描述智能制造的不同发展阶段。此外，该模型结合了流程工业企业日常的生产经营特点与智能制造的能力要求，模型包含4个评估族、9个评估类和25个评估域。本模型还根据不同智能制造准备度等级的要求将25个评估域进一步划分成了249个特征项指标，用于企业智能制造准备度水平的准确评估。此外，为了方便企业进行自诊断自评估，本文还基于249个特征项指标开发了智能制造准备度评估问卷。最后，本文通过模型在196家流程工业企业的应用案例，介绍了模型的具体使用方法。希望本模型的提出可以给流程工业企业智能制造准备度的评估提供一个新的方法。

关键词：流程工业；工业4.0；准备度模型；智能制造；准备度指数

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Rapid evaluation technology for CNC machine tool slide level based on built-in sensors

Yuqing ZHOU, Xuesong MEI, Gedong JIANG, Nuogang SUN,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 79-86 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0070-5

摘要： Slide level impacts the CNC machine tool performance. The deterioration of slide level will result in the torsional vibration of a feed-axis control system and lower the CNC machine tool control precision. It is necessary to investigate the rapid evaluation technology for the slide level of a CNC machine tool. In this paper, a new type of rapid evaluation method for machine tool slide level is proposed, which uses the linear scale, motor encoder, and AC servo motor current/output torque. To acquire level information, the built-in sensors test principle is profoundly investigated, and the mathematical model between the slide level and the measured data is established. In addition, two different level identification methods are comparatively analyzed. The analysis results of experiments show that it is simple, rapid, feasible, and reliable to use built-in sensors information for evaluating slide level.

关键词： slide level built-in sensors Stribeck effect model identification

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武器装备完好性评价方法研究

俞翔,杜刚,何其伟

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第5期页码 76-82

摘要：

武器装备完好性评价对于装备的精细化、科学化使用管理和维修保障具有重要意义，而目前的评价方法在时效性、精确性以及任务匹配度等方面都与新形势新要求不相适应。针对这一问题，提出了基于设备技术状态的装备完好性评价方法，通过对某型驱逐舰的完好性模拟评价，验证了该方法的可行性，并提出了进一步完善装备完好性评价方法和机制的对策建议。

关键词：装备完好性；技术状态；装备维修保障；对策建议

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System engineering for water pollution control at the watershed level in China

Wei MENG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 443-452 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0037-0

摘要： The present water pollution situation at watershed level in China has been systematically analyzed. The causes of water pollution are attributed to the extensive economic developmental pattern, poor wastewater treatment, and a lack of nonpoint pollution control. The problems of water pollution control at watershed level include a lack of thought and approach, developmental delay in the environmental standard system, an inadequate monitoring ability, and an inefficient implementation of laws and regulations. From 2006 to 2020, water pollution control and governance will be a national key specific project of science and technology in China. The strategies of this project include establishing a water pollution control system at watershed level, orienting a healthy aquatic ecosystem, conducting risk management, and using comprehensive methods. The goal is to establish and complete a technological system of pollution control and management in three five-year phases. The main tasks are to develop common technologies, management systems, and mechanisms for lake eutrophication control, river pollution control, urban water environmental pollution control, potable water safety, and water environmental management. The bottlenecks of water pollution control and management in China could be systematically removed, and the demonstration of the system engineering approach will be conducted at selected key watersheds.

关键词： water pollution control watershed system engineering sustainability integrated watershed management key specific project of science and technology

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钢塔节段水平预拼装关键技术研究

张永利,顾碧峰

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第4期页码 48-52

摘要：

通过对泰州长江公路大桥钢塔柱预拼装方案的选择和关键工艺的研究，提出结构形式复杂的钢塔节段预拼装工艺选择原则。在研究了钢塔节段预拼环境的影响、支撑条件、金属接触率等水平预拼装关键工艺控制项点后，成功地解决了泰州桥钢塔节段水平预拼装中的技术难题。钢塔节段水平预拼装填补了我国钢塔制造的技术空白，为后续复杂钢塔节段水平预拼装方案选择提供了有力基础。

关键词：钢塔水平预拼装支撑控制水平力施加

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云锡公司的锡冶金技术跃居世界先进水平

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第7期页码 94-94

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Simulation of heterogeneous two-phase media using random fields and level sets

George STEFANOU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 114-120 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0267-5

摘要： The accurate and efficient simulation of random heterogeneous media is important in the framework of modeling and design of complex materials across multiple length scales. It is usually assumed that the morphology of a random microstructure can be described as a non-Gaussian random field that is completely defined by its multivariate distribution. A particular kind of non-Gaussian random fields with great practical importance is that of translation fields resulting from a simple memory-less transformation of an underlying Gaussian field with known second-order statistics. This paper provides a critical examination of existing random field models of heterogeneous two-phase media with emphasis on level-cut random fields which are a special case of translation fields. The case of random level sets, often used to represent the geometry of physical systems, is also examined. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the basic features of the different approaches.

关键词： microstructure random fields level sets shape recovery two-phase media

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The effect of sea level rise on beach morphology of caspian sea coast

M. A. Lashteh NESHAEI, F. GHANBARPOUR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 369-379 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0398-6

摘要： Study of beach morphology has been one of the most important issues in coastal engineering research projects. Because of the existence of two important coastal areas located in the north and south parts of the Iran, in the present study an analysis of the coastal zone behaviour is made. Bed level elevations are measured and compared with the theoretical equilibrium profile. It is shown that the behaviour of the coastal zone in the region is consistent with the Dean (1991) equilibrium profile. In the next stage, following extensive investigations, the bed level changes due to arise in sea level at different locations in the surf zone are estimated. The mechanism of beach re-treatment due to a rise in sea level is considered based on the simplified model of Dean (1991) in which the mass balance of the sediments is taken into account. Comparison of the equilibrium profiles for different cases of sea level rise, clearly shows that because of the sediment transport induced by the fluctuation of the water level, the beach profile in the surf zone changes accordingly resulting in an erosion in the inner region of the surf zone and an accumulation of sediments towards the offshore.

关键词： wave coastal zone beach morphology evolution equilibrium profile sea level rise

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Level set band method: A combination of density-based and level set methods for the topology optimization

Peng WEI, Wenwen WANG, Yang YANG, Michael Yu WANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第3期页码 390-405 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0588-0

摘要： The level set method (LSM), which is transplanted from the computer graphics field, has been successfully introduced into the structural topology optimization field for about two decades, but it still has not been widely applied to practical engineering problems as density-based methods do. One of the reasons is that it acts as a boundary evolution algorithm, which is not as flexible as density-based methods at controlling topology changes. In this study, a level set band method is proposed to overcome this drawback in handling topology changes in the level set framework. This scheme is proposed to improve the continuity of objective and constraint functions by incorporating one parameter, namely, level set band, to seamlessly combine LSM and density-based method to utilize their advantages. The proposed method demonstrates a flexible topology change by applying a certain size of the level set band and can converge to a clear boundary representation methodology. The method is easy to implement for improving existing LSMs and does not require the introduction of penalization or filtering factors that are prone to numerical issues. Several 2D and 3D numerical examples of compliance minimization problems are studied to illustrate the effects of the proposed method.

关键词： level set method topology optimization density-based method level set band

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Two-level uncapacitated lot-sizing problem considering the financing cost of working capital requirement

Yuan BIAN, David LEMOINE, Thomas G. YEUNG, Nathalie BOSTEL

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 248-258 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0069-5

摘要： During financial crisis, companies constantly need free cash flows to efficiently react to any uncertainty, thus ensuring solvency. Working capital requirement (WCR) has been recognized as a key factor for releasing tied up cash in companies. However, in literatures related to lot-sizing problem, WCR has only been studied in the single-level supply chain context. In this paper, we initially adopt WCR model for a multi-level case. A two-level (supplier–customer) model is established on the basis of the classic multi-level lot-sizing model integrated with WCR financing cost. To tackle this problem, we propose sequential and centralized approaches to solve the two-level case with a serial chain structure. The ZIO (Zero Inventory Ordering) property is further confirmed valid in both cases. This property allows us to establish a dynamic programming-based algorithm, which solves the problem in O(T ). Finally, numerical tests show differences in optimal plans obtained by both approaches and the influence of varying delays in payment on the WCR of both actors.

关键词： two-level ULS problem lot-sizing working capital requirement ZIO property infinite production capacity

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Understanding the demand predictability of bike share systems: A station-level analysis

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 551-565 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0279-8

摘要： Predicting demand for bike share systems (BSSs) is critical for both the management of an existing BSS and the planning for a new BSS. While researchers have mainly focused on improving prediction accuracy and analysing demand-influencing factors, there are few studies examining the inherent randomness of stations’ observed demands and to what degree the demands at individual stations are predictable. Using Divvy bike-share one-year data from Chicago, USA, we measured demand entropy and quantified the station-level predictability. Additionally, to verify that these predictability measures could represent the performance of prediction models, we implemented two commonly used demand prediction models to compare the empirical prediction accuracy with the calculated entropy and predictability. Furthermore, we explored how city- and system-specific temporally-constant features would impact entropy and predictability to inform estimating these measures when historical demand data are unavailable. Our results show that entropy of demands across stations is polarized as some stations exhibit high uncertainty (a low entropy of 0.65) and others have almost no check-out demand uncertainty (a high entropy of around 1.0). We also validated that the entropy and predictability are a priori model-free indicators for prediction error, given a sequence of bike usage demands. Lastly, we identified that key factors contributing to station-level entropy and predictability include per capita income, spatial eccentricity, and the number of parking lots near the station. Findings from this study provide more fundamental understanding of BSS demand prediction, which can help decision makers and system operators anticipate diverse station-level prediction errors from their prediction models both for existing stations and for new ones.

关键词： bike share systems demand prediction prediction errors machine learning entropy

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Conceptual design of compliant mechanisms using level set method

Shi-kui CHEN, Michael Yu WANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第2期页码 131-145 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0018-y

摘要： We propose a level set method-based framework for the conceptual design of compliant mechanisms. In this method, the compliant mechanism design problem is recast as an infinite dimensional optimization problem, where the design variable is the geometric shape of the compliant mechanism and the goal is to find a suitable shape in the admissible design space so that the objective functional can reach a minimum. The geometric shape of the compliant mechanism is represented as the zero level set of a one-higher dimensional level set function, and the dynamic variations of the shape are governed by the Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation. The application of level set methods endows the optimization process with the particular quality that topological changes of the boundary, such as merging or splitting, can be handled in a natural fashion. By making a connection between the velocity field in the Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation with the shape gradient of the objective functional, we go further to transform the optimization problem into that of finding a steady-state solution of the partial differential equation. Besides the above-mentioned methodological issues, some numerical examples together with prototypes are presented to validate the performance of the method.

关键词： splitting minimum dimensional optimization Hamilton-Jacobi topological

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Analysis of inventory level under procurement constraints in supply chain

CHANG Guangshu

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第3期页码 361-363 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0063-1

摘要： Because the inventory is one of the major factors that affect the performance of the supply chain system, efficient reduction of an inventory can effectively reduce the cost level of the total supply chain. Therefore, inventory management is an important means to optimize the operation of a supply chain and enhance the competitive advantage. Considering the (, ) policy in an inventory management, this paper establishes a model of the inventory level. Then, the change of the inventory level with and without the procurement constraints is analyzed, and their expectation and variance calculated. Consequently, the order point can be determined accurately to reduce the inventory level and the operation risk.

关键词： supply efficient reduction system expectation procurement

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Effect of fly ash replacement level on the fracture behavior of concrete

Mahdi AREZOUMANDI, Jeffery S. VOLZ

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 411-418 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0228-4

摘要： The production of portland cement–the key ingredient in concrete–generates a significant amount of carbon dioxide. However, due to its incredible versatility, availability, and relatively low cost, concrete is the most consumed manmade material on the planet. One method of reducing concrete’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is the use of fly ash to replace a significant amount of the cement. ?This study presents the results of an experimental investigation that evaluates effect of fly ash replacement level on the fracture energy of concrete. This study includes four mixes with 0%, 30%, 50%, and 70% fly ash as a cement replacement. This experimental program consisted of 32 fracture beams to study the fracture behavior of concrete. The experimental fracture energies were compared with the fracture energy provisions of different design codes and also different analytical equations. Furthermore, statistical data analyses (parametric and non-parametric) were performed to evaluate whether or not there is any statistically significant difference between the experimental fracture energies of different mixes. Results of these statistical tests show that the mix with higher level of fly ash replacement level has higher fracture energy.

关键词： concrete fracture energy fly ash